SAP C_ABAPD_2507 SAP Certified Associate - Back-End Developer - ABAP Cloud Exam Practice Test

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

In CDS UNION, field names and positions must match exactly across all SELECT statements.

In this case, the first SELECT uses id, while the second uses agencynum AS id, which is fine. However, the literal 'Customer' AS partner and 'Agency' AS partner create inconsistencies.

SAP CDS guidelines specify that for a UNION, field names must be identical and aligned in order; mismatches cause an activation error.

Study Guide Reference: ABAP CDS Development User Guide – Union Compatibility Rules.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

A → Recommended to define attributes for message placeholders.

C → Inheriting from cx_static_check enforces compile-time checks to ensure exceptions are handled.

E → Implementing if_t100_message allows integration with message classes.

B → Misleading, design-time warning is about handling, not raising.

D → Not a recommended practice in ABAP Cloud (system classes are not extendable).

Study Guide Reference: ABAP Objects Guide – Defining Exception Classes.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

OData services are the standard way to expose RAP services; service bindings bind a service definition to a protocol such as OData.

Business events are a released RAP capability for integration; RAP BOs can define, raise, and consume business events, with remote consumption via SAP Event Mesh and event bindings.

CDS views define the semantic data models used for exposure and consumption; ADT defines CDS entities for the data model that can be used in applications. Together, CDS (data modeling) + OData (service exposure) + Events (event-driven integration) constitute the released, recommended integration building blocks in ABAP Cloud/RAP. (BAdIs are classic enhancement spots and not positioned as the primary integration frameworks for ABAP Cloud developer extensibility; SOAP is not the recommended channel in the RAP guidance above.)

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Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

Encapsulation in ABAP OO and ABAP Cloud ensures that internal object details are hidden from outside consumers.

A. Attributes can be changed through public methods → ✅ Correct, because controlled access is provided through getter/setter or other methods.

B. Attributes can be changed by the client program directly → ❌ Incorrect, this violates encapsulation.

C. Attributes cannot be changed → ❌ Incorrect, they can be changed, but only via allowed mechanisms.

D. Attributes can only be changed by the class itself → ✅ Correct, ensuring business logic consistency.

This aligns with RAP behavior definitions (BDEF) where internal attributes are encapsulated and only manipulated through behavior implementation methods.

Verified Study Guide Reference: ABAP Objects Programming Guide – Encapsulation Principles.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

RAP and ABAP Cloud emphasize expression-based coding, and REDUCE is a key reduction expression. The code above defines an accumulator (h_structure_variable) and iterates over an internal table (source_itab) with FOR … IN …, so a loop over the source table is created (D). In each iteration, fields are accumulated and, when the expression finishes, the final accumulator value is returned and assigned to structure_variable. With compatible structured types, components are copied name-by-name (C).

In ABAP Cloud, the language is explicitly described as “aligned and extended to support RAP … The application developer uses typed APIs … and benefits from static code checks.” This underpins the use of typed, expression-based constructs like REDUCE for safe, declarative logic.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

In ABAP CDS access controls, the technique used is inheritance, which allows one access control object to reuse rules defined in another.

This makes authorization definitions consistent, reusable, and maintainable, which is essential in RAP applications where business objects require layered and reusable authorization concepts.

Options such as Redefinition, Singleton, or Casting belong to OO concepts, not to access control in CDS.

Verified Study Guide Reference: ABAP Cloud Documentation – Defining Access Controls in CDS and RAP BOs.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The purpose of a foreign key relationship in the ABAP Dictionary is to ensure the integrity of data between the related database tables. This relationship checks that values entered in the foreign key field exist in the check table, thereby preventing invalid or orphaned entries.

While foreign key relationships do not automatically enforce constraints at the database level, they are used for enforcing referential integrity at the application layer and play a key role in:

Input help (F4 Help)

Validation checks during data modification

Ensuring consistency of master and transaction data

This aligns with the standard ABAP development model, where the application layer (not the database) handles logical consistency using metadata from the ABAP Dictionary.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The requirement is:

Retrieve all carriers from T_CARRIER

Include them even if no corresponding connections exist in T_CONNECTIONS.

Evaluation of each join type:

A. INNER JOIN:Only returns rows where a carrier has at least one matching connection.❌ Incorrect, since carriers without connections would be excluded.

B. LEFT OUTER JOIN (correct):Returns all rows from the left table (T_CARRIER), and connections if they exist.Missing connections are represented with NULL.✔ Correct answer.

C. LEFT INNER JOIN:This is syntactically invalid in ABAP SQL. INNER JOIN and LEFT OUTER JOIN are separate join types, not combined.❌ Incorrect.

D. RIGHT OUTER JOIN (correct):Equivalent to LEFT OUTER JOIN when the tables are reversed.Returns all rows from T_CARRIER, whether or not connections exist.✔ Correct answer.

Thus, LEFT OUTER JOIN and RIGHT OUTER JOIN are the valid solutions to retrieve all carriers regardless of connections.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Tier 1 (cloud-ready) extensions “follow ABAP Cloud rules and hence by default can only access the public SAP interfaces (objects released for cloud development).” This directly supports using released APIs (C) and cloud-enabled/released technologies (D).

The three-tier extensibility model separates safe cloud extensions (Tier 1) from classic code; Tier 2 wrappers exist only to mitigate missing public APIs, but they are not the recommended pattern for S/4HANA Cloud public-edition extensions (therefore B is not a rule).

In S/4HANA Cloud, object changes are not allowed; instead, customers must use predefined extension points (E)—for example, whitelisted extension includes, released BAdIs, or CDS extension points exposed for cloud usage—consistent with the ABAP Cloud principle of public, released artifacts only. (This is the prescribed approach in the ABAP Cloud extensibility guidance that accompanies the three-tier model.)

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

Sorted tables can be declared with unique keys (ensuring no duplicates) or with non-unique keys (allowing duplicates).

Hashed tables only allow unique keys.

Standard tables allow non-unique keys only.

Thus, sorted internal tables are the only type that can be configured with both unique and non-unique keys.

Verified Study Guide Reference: ABAP Dictionary and ABAP Cloud Programming Guide – Internal Table Types.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

In RAP, the Projection View is designed to expose only the fields relevant for a specific app, keeping the UI lean and controlled.

Metadata extension → adds UI-related metadata, not fields.

Database view → technical representation, not app-specific.

Data model view → defines the data structure, not app-specific projection.

Verified by RAP documentation: Projection views are application-specific representations of the underlying data model.

Study Guide Reference: SAP RAP Help – Business Object Projection Layer.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The situation described is a classic one-to-many relationship from department→employees, with “including none at all” implying 0..* employees per department. In SAP modeling, cardinalities are expressed with ranges like [0..*] to denote zero-to-many. This notation is used consistently in ABAP Cloud/RAP documentation for compositions/associations as well (e.g., tables/structures or nested lists), where [0..*] means “any number (including none)”.

Therefore, the correct foreign-key cardinality that matches “a department may have any number of employees (including none)” is [0..*,1] (many employees per one department). The same documentation set also uses “pure foreign key” associations with multiplicities to model such relationships.

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Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

In CDS views:

A. Aliases → ✅ Allowed for data sources and their fields, both in joins and associations.

C. ON clause → ✅ Both joins and associations use ON conditions to link data sources.

B. Expose entire data source without fields → ❌ Incorrect; explicit field selection is required.

D. Field list without data source prefix → ❌ Incorrect; unless aliased, fields must be qualified.

Thus, the overlap between joins and associations lies in aliasing and ON clause usage.

Verified Study Guide Reference: ABAP CDS Development Guide – Joins vs Associations.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

Value helps in CDS are defined using annotations like:

@Consumption.valueHelpDefinition: '_association'

This enriches fields with semantic metadata for Fiori/UIs. Associations provide technical links, but the value help definition itself is given by annotations.

Study Guide Reference: ABAP CDS Guide – Annotations for Value Helps.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

Execution order when creating an instance of a subclass:

Class constructor of the superclass (super1) executes first.

Class constructor of the subclass (sub1) executes second.

Then the instance constructor of the superclass (super1) executes.

Finally, the instance constructor of the subclass (sub1) executes.

This sequence guarantees that both the static (class-level) and instance-level initializations of the superclass are complete before the subclass is constructed.

Verified Study Guide Reference: ABAP Objects Programming Guide – Class and Instance Constructor Execution Order.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

Tier 1 extensibility in ABAP Cloud corresponds to the safe and upgrade-stable extension layer.

Adding custom fields to released DB tables or CDS views via released extension includes is fully supported.

Using classic user exits (A), manual note corrections (C), or wrappers for unreleased APIs (D) belong to Tier 2 or Tier 3, and are not part of Tier 1 safe extensibility.

This guarantees that custom code in Tier 1 is cloud-ready, upgrade-stable, and based only on released extension points and APIs.

Verified Study Guide Reference: ABAP Cloud Extensibility Model – Three-Tier Extensibility Rules.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

In ABAP, object references must be declared with TYPE REF TO <class>.

Option D is correct: DATA lo_vehicle TYPE REF TO cl_vehicle. creates a reference variable.

Option A → Incorrect, TYPES defines a type, not a variable.

Option B → Syntax error, correct keyword is REF TO, not REF OF.

Option C → Invalid, LIKE REF is not supported in ABAP.

Study Guide Reference: ABAP Objects Programming Guide – Reference Variable Declarations.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Let’s evaluate each field:

field1: Defined as REFERENCE TO abap.clnt(3) — this is correct. It follows standard definition for client fields.

field2: Defined as abap.char(1332) — this is incorrect. In ABAP CDS view entities, the maximum length for CHAR fields is limited to 1333 bytes total row size for all fields in a view or table. A single CHAR(1332) is almost the full limit and considered impractical or invalid in real implementations.

field3: Defined as abap.quan(2) — this is correct, representing a quantity field with 2 decimal places.

field4: Defined as abap.unit(2) — this is correct and compatible with the @Semantics.quantity.unitOfMeasure annotation used in field3.

Therefore, field2 is the invalid field due to its excessive length, likely breaching the allowable memory layout in the HANA table or violating SAP CDS limits.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

To redefine a component in a subclass:

The component (method) in the superclass must be defined with the FOR REDEFINITION addition.

In the subclass, you use the REDEFINITION clause in the method declaration and implement the method in the subclass to override the superclass behavior.

Thus:

Option A is correct because the method declaration in sub1 must include the REDEFINITION addition.

Option D is correct because the actual redefined method implementation must be provided in the subclass sub1.

Option B is incorrect because the component is not re-implemented in the superclass.

Option C is incorrect because REDEFINITION is not added in the superclass, but FOR REDEFINITION is.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

In ABAP Cloud, string functions that support regular expressions (PCRE) include:

match( ) → returns the first substring matching the regex.

matches( ) → checks if the whole string matches the regex.

find( ) → finds a substring based on regex pattern.

Functions such as reverse( ) and condense( ) do not support regex patterns; they are purely string manipulation utilities.

Verified Study Guide Reference: ABAP Keyword Documentation – String Functions with Regular Expressions.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

In ABAP Object-Oriented Programming within ABAP Cloud, methods can define multiple parameters of type IMPORTING, EXPORTING, or CHANGING. However, for RETURNING parameters, only one value is permitted per method.

This restriction ensures that RAP BOs and ABAP Cloud classes expose methods with clear, unambiguous outputs, aligning with best practices of encapsulation and functional programming design.

IMPORTING → multiple allowed

EXPORTING → multiple allowed

CHANGING → multiple allowed

RETURNING → exactly one allowed

Verified Study Guide Reference: ABAP Objects Programming Guide (Methods), ABAP Cloud Back-End Developer Documentation – Method Signature Rules.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

The ABAP DATA statement declares a variable with an assigned type.

A. Private type in the same class (ZCL_CLASS_A) → ✅ Allowed. A class can use its own local type definitions, declared using TYPES.

B. Domain from ABAP Dictionary → ❌ Not allowed directly. Domains define technical attributes but cannot be referenced directly in DATA; they must be wrapped in a data element.

C. Type defined privately in another class → ❌ Not accessible, since private definitions are encapsulated.

D. Data element from ABAP Dictionary → ✅ Allowed, because data elements are global dictionary objects.

This follows ABAP Cloud extensibility rules, ensuring encapsulation and strict typing.

Verified Study Guide Reference: ABAP Dictionary Development Guide, ABAP Cloud Back-End Developer Learning Material (Variable Typing and Encapsulation).

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

When performing a JOIN in ABAP SQL or CDS:

The key requirement is to specify the ON condition, which compares fields from the two tables, typically via equality (e.g., ON a.field = b.field). Hence, Option D is correct.

The fields do not need to have the same name (Option C is incorrect).

The position in the table structure is irrelevant (Option A is incorrect).

An alias name is optional, not mandatory (Option B is incorrect).

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

UI layout is defined with @UI annotations; it is recommended to maintain the UI annotations in metadata extensions to separate concerns and keep CDS clean.

Metadata extensions provide CDS annotations (such as @UI) outside the data definition and allow layered, switchable UI metadata.

In the RAP tutorial, the “Adding UI Metadata to the Data Model” section explicitly instructs creating metadata extensions for projection views to control the presentation (line items, identification, hidden fields, search, text arrangement). Therefore, the RAP artifact used to organize how fields are displayed in the app is the Metadata Extension.