CWNP CWISA-102 Certified Wireless IoT Solutions Administrator Exam Practice Test

• Lab Purpose: Wireless testing labs offer controlled settings to:
• Other Benefits (While not the primary benefit):

References

• Benefits of IT Labs: Can be extended from wireless to broader IT experimentation and learning. (Articles on this topic are readily available)

• Attenuation: Describes the progressive loss of signal strength as it travels through a medium (like air, cables, walls). It's caused by factors like absorption, distance, and obstacles.
• Other Phenomena:

References

• Attenuation: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attenuation

• 60GHz Absorption: The 60GHz band experiences significant signal attenuation due to absorption by oxygen molecules in the atmosphere. This severely restricts the usable range of wireless systems operating in this frequency.
• Why Other Options Don't Apply:

References:

• 60GHz Propagation Characteristics: Technical papers discussing oxygen absorption and its influence on range limitations.
• Millimeter-wave (mmWave) Communication: Overviews highlighting the challenges and short-range applications of 60GHz systems.

• Encryption vs. Other Options:
• How encryption works: Encryption uses algorithms and keys to turn plaintext into unreadable ciphertext. Only those with the correct key can decrypt it.
• Data in motion vs. data at rest: Encryption protects sensitive information both when transmitted over the wireless network and when stored on devices.

References:

• Encryption standards and protocols: Resources on common wireless encryption types (WPA2, WPA3, TLS) and their implementation.

• Purpose of POC: A proof-of-concept (POC) validates the feasibility and potential value of a solution within its intended operational environment.
• Scaling: POCs are small-scale, allowing for quicker and less costly testing before committing to a full-scale deployment.
• Real-world Evaluation: Unlike manufacturer demos, a POC exposes the system to the unique variables (e.g., interference, usage patterns) present in the user's specific setting.

References:

• IT project management: Materials discussing the role of proof-of-concept phases and their goals.

• Browser Ubiquity: JavaScript has a native runtime environment within almost every modern web browser, making it the 'built-in' scripting language for web-based interfaces.
• Node-RED: This IoT flow-based programming tool specifically uses JavaScript for its logic and automation functions.
• Other Languages:

References:

• JavaScript (Browser Compatibility): Documentation of its near-universal support
• Node-RED (Programming Model): Descriptions of how it uses JavaScript for node logic.

• RFID for Livestock: Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags are the most widely used technology for livestock tracking and individual identification on large farms.
• Benefits:

References

• RFID (General): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio-frequency_identification

• isualizing RF Interference: Spectrum analyzers display radio frequencies across a range, showing signal strength and potential interference sources. This is crucial for identifying non-Wi-Fi devices that might be disrupting your wireless solution.
• Other Tools Have Limitations:

References:

• Spectrum Analyzers: How they work and common use cases in RF troubleshooting.
• Wireless Interference Types: Resources that discuss non-Wi-Fi interference sources (microwaves, cordless phones, etc.)

• XAML and .NET: XAML (eXtensible Application Markup Language) is primarily used within the .NET framework for defining user interfaces. Specifically, technologies like:
• XAML in Other Frameworks: While some limited adaptation exists, its core use is tightly coupled with .NET technologies.

References:

• XAML Overview (Microsoft Docs): Introductions to XAML emphasizing its use in .NET applications.
• WPF Documentation: Tutorials and references specifically mentioning XAML's role in Windows desktop development.

The concept described is Free Space Path Loss (FSPL). FSPL refers to the reduction in power density of an electromagnetic wave as it propagates through a clear, unobstructed path in free space. This weakening of the signal is due to the spreading of the wavefront as it travels, causing the power to be distributed over a larger area. The FSPL can be calculated using the Friis Transmission Equation, which shows that the received power decreases with the square of the distance from the transmitter. This concept is fundamental to understanding the behavior of RF signals in various communication systems, including wireless IoT, where the signal strength at the receiver is a critical factor for reliable data transmission.

References:The information provided aligns with the Friis Transmission Equation, which models how the power of an RF signal decreases with distance1. Additionally, the concept of FSPL is a well-known phenomenon in RF propagation, affecting the design and optimization of wireless communication systems

• SBCs (Single Board Computers): Designed as standalone, small-form-factor computers. They often include:
• Controller Boards: Focus on controlling specific hardware or systems.

References

• SBC Examples: https://www.raspberrypi.org/, https://www.beagleboard.org/
• Controller Board Examples: https://www.arduino.cc/

• IIoT Environments: Industrial IoT (IIoT) often involves deployment in harsh environments (factories, plants, outdoor sites) with:
• Ruggedization: IIoT devices are designed to withstand these conditions, ensuring reliability and longevity.

References

• IIoT: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Internet_of_things
• Rugged Devices: Articles on ruggedized electronics will emphasize their importance in industrial settings.

• Wireless Transceiver: A transceiver is a combination of a transmitter and receiver used for wireless communication.
• Radio: The radio is the primary component responsible for:

References

• Transceiver: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transceiver

• Captive Portals for Guest Access: These are web pages that intercept users' requests before granting full internet access. They often require agreeing to terms, entering basic information, or viewing ads.
• Hospitality Fit: Captive portals are simple to deploy, require minimal user setup, and provide control for the hospitality provider (e.g., usage limits).
• Why Other Options Are Less Common:

References:

• Captive Portals: Explanations of how they work and their use cases.
• Guest Wi-Fi in Hospitality: Best practices highlight the prevalence of captive portals in this industry.

• Customization and Integrations: The presence of APIs often suggests a system is integrated with other platforms or has custom-built elements.
• Understanding Dependencies: Documenting used APIs helps clarify how different parts of the system interact and where potential issues might arise.
• Troubleshooting Efficiency: Detailed API documentation aids in resolving problems, allowing staff to assess interconnected systems effectively.
• Knowledge transfer: Future support teams won't have to reverse-engineer the system; documentation ensures smooth handover and understanding.

References:

• Best practices API documentation: Guides on API documentation formats and the level of detail needed for maintenance. [Example: Swagger, OpenAPI Specification] (https://swagger.io/)
• Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC): Materials emphasizing the importance of documentation during development and support phases.

• Firmware Definition: Firmware is a type of software embedded in hardware devices. It provides low-level instructions that control the basic operations and initialization of the device.
• ROM Storage: Firmware is typically stored in Read-Only Memory (ROM) or other forms of non-volatile memory, meaning it persists even when the device is powered off.
• Functions:

References

• Firmware Explanation: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firmware
• ROM: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read-only_memory

• Health IoT Device Categories:

References

• Health IoT: Resources on healthcare + IoT will illustrate device types.

• IETF's Focus: The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) primarily develops and standardizes internet protocols operating at the Network Layer (Layer 3) and above in the OSI model.
• Key Protocols: Some prominent IETF-developed protocols include:

References

• IETF Website: https://www.ietf.org/
• OSI Model: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_model

• HTTP's Popularity: HTTP is the foundation of the web, making it widely known and supported. Developers have extensive familiarity with its concepts (methods, headers, status codes, etc.).
• REST APIs and Webhooks: These often leverage HTTP for communication, building upon existing knowledge and tools.
• Tradeoffs:

References:

• REST APIs: Overviews of their use of HTTP, demonstrating its prevalence in API development.
• Developer Experience with HTTP: Discussions on the familiarity with and availability of HTTP libraries in various programming languages

• Capacity Planning: The number of devices a wireless network can support is the primary determinant of its required capacity. This is because: